SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE



1.1 FORM OF SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE - YAPI

a) OLUMLU CÜMLELER : Affirmative (Positive) Sentences :


I
YOU
WE
THEY like hamburger.

have luch at 12:00.

do exercise every morning.


HE
SHE
IT likes hamburger.

has lunch at 12:00.

does exercise every morning



Kural 1: I, you, we, and they kişilerinden sonar fiillerin yalın halleri kullanılır.
Kural 2: he, she it (3. tekil şahıs) den sonra fiillere -(e)s takısı eklenir.

• Mary speaks English every day.
• We watch TV every evening.
• My girlsfriend writes a letter to me every week.
• Sally and Tom study grammar on Wednesdays.
• My father usually leaves home at 8 o’clock in the morning.

b) Negative Sentences : OLUMSUZ CÜMLELER



I
YOU
WE

THEY don’t like hamburger.
don’t have luch at 12:00.


don’t do exercise every morning.

HE
SHE
IT ldoesn’t like hamburger.

doesn’t have lunch at 12:00

doesn’t do exercise every morning


Simple present tense olumsuz cümlelerinde) “ DO and DOES” yardımcı fiilleri kullanılır. I, You, We They kişilerinden sonra DO NOT (DON’T) yardımcı fiili, ana fiilden once kullanılır. He, She, It kişilerinden sonar ise DOES NOT (DOESN’T) yardımcı fiili kullanılır; fiilere -(e)s takısı eklenmez. –(e)s takısı sadece olumlu cümlelerde 3. tekil şahıslardan sonar kullanılır.

• Sam doesn’t know French.
• It doesn’t snow in Egypt.
• They don’t have breakfast every morning.
• I don’t get up early on Sundays.
• She doesn’t want to go to school this morning.
• My mother doesn’t watch football matches on TV.
• Mary and Jack don’t like ice cream.


c) Question Sentences - Soru Cümleleri



DO I
YOU
WE
THEY like hamburger ?
have luch at 12:00 ?
do exercise every morning ?

DOES HE
SHE
IT like hamburger ?
have lunch at 12:00 ?
do exercise every morning ?



Soru cümlelerinde, DO ve DOES yardımcı fiilleri cümlenin başında kullanılır. Fiillerin yalın halleri kullanılır: -(e)s takısı kullanılmaz.

• Does Jane live in London?
• Do you watch TV every evening?
• Does your father read newspapers
• Do you live in town or a city?
• Does your boyfriend call you every evening?

1.2 3. TEKİL ŞAHISDA FİİLE EKLENEN –S & - ES

a) work – works talk – talks
read – reads suggest – suggests
b) write – writes believe – believes –s birçok fiilie doğrudan eklenir..
-e ile biten fiilere de –s takısı eklenir.

c) -sh....... wash – washes
d) –ch...... catch – catches
e) –ss.......discuss – discusses
f) –x ........fax – faxes
g) –o ...... do – does –sh, -ch, -ss, -x, -o ile biten fiileler –es takısı alırlar..

h) - consonant + y: cry – cries
fly – flies
try – tries
Eğer bir fiil , bir sessiz harften ( consonant) sonra gelen -y ile bitiyorsa,–y düşer ve fiile –ies eklenir.
I) – vowel + -y : play - plays
stay – stays
pray – prays Eğer fiil sesli (vowel) bir harften sonra gelen –y ile bitiyorsa, -s taksı doğrudan eklenir.

1.3 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE NERELERDE KULLANILIR?

a) Genel Gerçeklikler ile
The present simple tense her zaman geçerli olan genel doğrular ve evrensel gerçeklerin anlatımında kullanılır.
• The earth is round.
• The earth goes around the sun.
• Water freezes at 0 degrees.
• Kangaroos live in Australia.
• The sun sets in the West.
• Most babies learn to speak when they are about two years old.
• Water boils at 100° Celsius.
• Trees lose their leaves in the fall.
• Few people live to be 100 years old?
• Wood floats on water.
• Does it snow in the Sahara desert?
• Do elephants live longer than humans?
• Money doesn't guarantee happiness.
• Flowers don't grow in winter.

b) Alışkanlıklar ve huylardan bahsederken Simple Present Tense kullanılır.
• She plays football but she doesn't play tennis.
• For breakfast he eats rice and drinks cold milk.
• She works very hard.
• My friend hates fish.
• I never drink coffee with milk.
• I don't like horror films!
• Do you smoke?

c) Simple Present Tense düzenli olarak yaplan rutin eylemlerden bahsederken kullanılır.

• I usually get up at 9 o’clock in the morning.
• He goes to work by bus everyday.
• Tim sometimes works till 10 pm in the evening.
• The banks in Turkey open at 9:00 am and close at 5:00 pm.
• The bus 29 arrives at the station at 8 o’clock in the morning.
• It rains very often in the spring.
• They go on vacation to Bodrum every summer.


d) The present simple tense düşünce ve hisleri gösteren zihinsel aktivite fiilerinin şimdiki zamanda ifadesinde kullanılır.
like love prefer know understand
hate need want believe remember
see hear taste smell look

• I love lying in bed late on Sunday mornings.
• I need to know the truth right now.
• She says she doesn't know who did it, but I don't believe her.
• He doesn't want to speak to you again.
• This doesn't taste very good, does it?
• Do you remember the first time we met?
• Do you smell something funny?
• Does he understand which way to go?

e) The present simple tense fıkra ve hikaye anlatımlarında olayların daha güncel gözükmeleri için kullanılırSimple present tense’in bu kullanımına “graphic present” denir.

The present simple aynı zamanda bir kitapta ya da filmde olanları anlatırken de kullanılır.
• So in he walks with a parrot on his shoulder.
• In his new film Robert Redford plays the part of a brave cowboy.

f) The present simple planlanmış bir tarifeye bağlı, ya da kişilerin kontrolünde olmayan gelecek eylemlerinin anlatımında kullanılır.
• Hurry up! The train departs in 5 minutes.
• I leave Frankfurt at 5 in the morning and arrive in New York at midnight the next day.
• She has a piano lesson after school today.
• There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for another 10 minutes.
• When does the meeting begin?

g) Direktif Verirken

• Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
• To start the machine,press the yellow button and turn the arrow to the right.

h) Gazete ve Haber Başlıklarında

• AND FENERBAHÇE BECOMES THE CHAMP !
• THE KILLER STRIKES AGAIN

i) Törensel Anons, Duyuru

• I pronounce you husband and wife!
• I name this ship TITANIC!

j) Simultane Tercüme & Maç Anlatımı

• Sukur passes the ball to Berkamp!
• Schumacher maintains his lead over the other racers.


1.4 Sıklık Zarflarının Kullanımı


John always _________100%
usually( generally)
very often
often (frequently)
sometimes
occasionally
seldom
rarely
hardly
never___________0% gets up early on Sunday mornings.




a) Sıklık zarfları, eylemlerin ne sıklıkla yapıldıklarını göstermek için kullanılırlar.

NOTE 1: Usually, sometimes and often cümlelerin başında ya da sonunda, vurgu için kullanılabilirler. Bu kullanım cümlenin anlamını doğrudan etkilemez.
• Sometimes I go out with my friends in the evening.
• Often she calls me at 10:00.
• I get up late sometimes.

NOTE 2: “seldom, rarely, hardly, never, sıklık zarfları cümlenin başında kullanıldığında, cümle devrik cümle yapısı alır; yani, soru cümlesi şeklinde yazılır. Cümlede anlamsal bir faklılık oluşmaz.

• Rarely does she get up early on Sundays.
• Hardly do I see her at the cafeteria.
• Never does she smoke in public places


b) Sıklık gösteren zarf öbekleri, cümlenin başında ya da sonunda kullanılabilir. Bu kullanım herhangi bir yapısal ya da anlamsal değişime yol açmaz.

On Wednesdays
Every Wednesday
Once a week
Twice a month
Every summer
Etc.


she visits her aunt

On Wednesdays
Every Wednesday.
Once a week
Twice a month
Every summer
Etc.


1.5 Sıklık zarfları genellikle BE fiilinden sonra kullanılır.


John is always _________100%
usually( generally)
very often
often (frequently)
sometimes
occasionally
seldom
rarely
hardly
never___________0% late for work,


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